Evaporating apparatus.



P. KBSTNER.

BVAPOBATIHG APPARATUS. APPLICATION mum MAR. 27, 1909.

1,005,553. Patented 001;. 10, 1911.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL KES'INEB, OF LII-LE, FRANCE, ASSQIGNOR TO KES'INEB EVAPORATOB COMPANY,

OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENN8YLVANIA.

EVAPORATING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 87, 1009. Serial No. 486,105.

To all whom it may comm.

Be it known that I, PAULKESTNER, a citizen of the Republic of France, anda resident of Lille, Department of" N 0rd, France, have invented certain Improvements in Evaporating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to evaporating a paratus, and consists of improvements 1n connection with apparatus for concentrating- -the liquid'ascends, and such vapor causes the liquid to completel and uniformly wet the walls of the tubes in which it-descends thus giving a good film at all points and assistin theflow of the liquid in order that it shal not form separate currents as liqiiid flowing under ravitation'is apt to do. .=In passin upwar through the ascendin tubes muc vapor is formed andthis wit partly concentrated liquor jis'discharged at the tops of said tubes. -It-fis desirable that the risin body of liquid "in overflowing to the descen ing tubes shall pass downward in acontainuous film in -order' togive a high efiiciency in evaporation. To this end, I provide means at the tops of the descending tubes serving to distribute ;li uid and vapor to said tubesuniformly and in suchmanner as to secure the highest elliciency in concentration.

My invention is fully shown in-the accompan ing drawings, inwhich:

F gure 1, is a sectional .elevation ofone effect of an evaporating'apparatus of the Q5 type to which my invention has been-applied; Fig. 1 is an enlarged "sectional-view of one. embodiment of my invention; Fig.

2, is an enlarged sectional view of the up er 'end of the apparatus,.shown inFig. 1;. 1g.

3, is an enlarged view ofthe tops of the tubes in which 1i uid descends, illustrating another constructmh embodying my invention; Fig. 4, is an enlarged viewillustrating another form of liqu d distributingmeans;

r g. 5, a sectional new qnthellne a+a,

suitable contour. of these slots is a shortdistance above the tube plate; the distance'bein thesame for into each tube. 'same number of slots and these are, by pref Fig.4; Fig. 6, is a view similar to Fig. 2 illustrating the use of the form of structure shown in Fig. 5, and Fig. 7, is a sectional view of the same character as Fig. 5, illustrating a modified form of my invention.

Brlefl speaking, evaporators of'the type to whic t e present invention is. partlcu larly applicable consist of a shell intowhich steam or other heatin medium may be admitted at 2. Within tie shell-1 are two sets of vertical, or substantially vertical tubes indicatedat 3 and 4;, through which the liquid to be concentrated travels. The direction of travel in the tubes 3 is upward, while the partl concentrated Liquidand the vapor roduce in its ascent in said tubes 3'- descen s in the tubes 4, assisted; b saicl vaporthe progress of travel throng both sets of tubes being very rapid and eflecting a high degree of concentration.

The tubes 3 communicate with-ail annular inlet chamber 5, fed .at 6, at the bottom o1 theshell 1-, and with a chamber 7 at thetop of said shell ,1, whilethe tii'bes 4 extend from said chamber 71 downwardly to a suitable separator 8 arranged in'a chamber 2 at the bottom of the evaporator and designed to separate vapor from the descending liquid vapor escaping at 10, while the se arated liquid may be drawn ofl' at 11. Int is second phase of the concentrating process, that is to say during the concentration which takes place during descent of theli uid in tubes 4,.it isof-utmost importance t at the liquid should be well and uniformly distributed upon the whole inner'surfaces' of said tubes 4 in which it descends and that each ofthes'e. tubes'should receive the same amount of liquid. To efl'ect this in the resent invention the tubes 4 in which the liquid, is to: descend may be extended or have extensionsabove the tube plate or sheet .12 which forms the bottom of the chamber 7 as shown in Fig. 1", and have in these extensions, one or more vertical slots 13 of The lower, edge of each,

every tube sothat liquid wi 1 feed equally Each tube 4 may have the erence, of exactly the same width. The tubes. 3 in which the liquid ascends may also' be extended ashort len h above the :tube plate 12 but need not he s otted. I pre-- loo 1 Y ings indicated at 13,

, the liquid ,whichis projected force out'ofthe ascend'ngstubes into the fer, however, to place the ends of the tubes 3 and 4, flush with the top of the tube plate 12, and to provide a supplemental tube plate 12 which carries extensions 3 and 4, of the tubes 3 and 4. This plate should have the extensions in such, position thatthey will exactly register with said tubes 3 and 4, and

acking may be provided to insure against eakage between said tube plates. Among the advantages of the supplemental tube plate with the extensions may be noted the ease with which said plate can be removed if clogging or any other accident cccursto the tubes in order to have the upper ends of the evaporating tubes exposed.

Under operating conditions the liquid and steam coming, from the tubes 3 enter the chamber 7 and are thrown with considerable velocity a ainst the cover of said chamber; the liqui then falling on the tube plate forming the bottom 0 said chamber. As such liquid can escape only by the slots 13 for the descent in the tubes 4:, a level will be formed as shown at w, and as all the slots would be, as ha s'been stated, exactly on the same level, each will take the same quantity of liquid. The liquid will thus be equally distributed among the several tubes, and, if i there are several slots in each tube, will be uniformly distributed over the inner sur-' face of each tube; the vapor simultaneously passing inward and aiding the regular faces and insuring an even distribution arrangement in which the tubes 4 for the descending liq uid are closed at the top by ca s 14. In this case it is not onliy the l qui which passes through the si e openings of the tubes, accompanying the same from the tubes 3 in which liquid ascends. It is best that the openings 18 in the tubesl shall have a total area about ,equal to the area of the tubes 3 in which the liquid ascends. These openare preferably made of the shapeshown in Fig. 3, being wider'at the top than atthebottom as indicated at 13* so as {to provide ample space for the vapor. The volume of vapor isgreater than the volume of the accompanying partly concentrated li uor and it is advantageous to have the wi th of each opening less at the bottom as giving a better pro ortioning of the liquid among the several tu e's while not a too narrow passage for vapor.

advantage. at a temporary excess of liquid is quickly removed, b fnging the liquid back to normal level. The arrangement of the structureshown in Fig. tubes has the addition 1 advantage in t at chamber "7 cannot, as i otherwise would,

celerated. In the d1stribution of the liquid over the inner surflow of the liquid fthis 'ture, 1b is but also the vapor.

.casiilg 1, eifect being the construction in which the t to the cons 3 with the cap ed with a certain vapor; a tubetend to fall. bodily into some of the tubes 4 in which the liquid descends, to the detriment of the supply to the others. e

In Figs. 4,5, and 6, I have shown another form of apertured tube in which, in forming the opening, the metal is not entirely cut away but ,'s bent externally to form vanes or wings 15. This arrangement has the effect of causing the vapor and liquid to enter tangentially and therefore produces a whirling motion of theliquid on' the inner tube wall which results in very perfect distribution thereof before the downward flowing commences. a In Fig. 7 I have shown the structure shown in, which the metal is inner vanes or wi s 15; such arrangement having'substantial y the same efifect upon the entering vapor and liquid as that shown in Figs. 4 and 5. I l

Liquid running naturally down the 'interior of a heated tube tends to flow as drops and. distinct or discrete streams. By providing an accom anying cur rent of vapor the flow is force and the .liquid is made to uniformly and thoroughly wet the interior walls of the tubes; its flow being also ac-v structure of the resent invention, the evaporating 'tubeswhich discharge into the feedchamber at the top of the apparatus fhrnish both liquid and vapor,

modification of Flgs. 4 and 5, in

and, under the Ifpresent invention, this vaporwiththe distri uting means, causes a good and uniform flow of liquid downwardly through the heated tubes. With this strucnot necessary to add vapor from another source to cause the downward proulsion in the down tubes, as the a paratus 1n the u tubes itself 'furnishes 0th the liquid an the necessary vapor for performing the downward film evaporation.

In myimproved construction, the slots andvanes may be formed in the ends ofthe pipes projecting through the upper tube late 12, as shown in Fig. 1, or they'ma be ormed in the separate sections carried by the plate 12 above said upper tube plate and registering with the tubes disposed in the as shown in Fi s. 2 and 6; -the samein cit er instance. In certain of the claims I havercfe'rred tothe tubes extend above the tube sheet. into the chamber 7 as well as 'truction which includes the se arate extensions, as tubular elements; t is term being thought to be broad enough to coverboth constructions.

I claim:- 1. The combination in an evaporator of 'Ihber with fluid and rojecti into the said chamber from'the ottom, t e upper end of the tube being slottedsp as tosimultaneously refor supplying the oh the vertical tube .typehiof a chamber; means bent inwardly to form.

ceive liquid and vapor from said chamber; and means for heating the tube.

2. The combination in an evaporator of the vertical tube type of a reoeivmg cham- 5 her for liquid to beevaporated; a second chamber for the rece tion of concentrated liquid; two series of conduits connecting said chambers; means for heating the conduits; a third chamber interposed between and connecting said two series of conduits; the conduits between the third and second chambers having lateral openings placed to receive liquid and vapor simultaneously from said. third chamber.

3. The combination in an evaporator of two chambers respectively for liquid to be evaporated and for concentrated liquid; a plurality of straight, vertical tubes extending from one chamber through the bottom of the other and each having lateral openings into said latter chamber, said tubes forming the sole communication between said chambers; means for heating those portions of the tubes outside of the chambers,

the lateral openings of the tubes communicating both with the li uid and with the vapor spaces of the cham er for liquid to be evaporated.

4. The combination in a tor of a chamber; means for feeding vapor and liquid to said chamber; straight vertical tubes extending into the chamber and having lateral openings placed to admit liquid and vapor into them; means outside of the chamber for heating the tubes; and a chamher for concentrated liquid connected to retubular evaporaceive the latter after it has been treated in said tubes.

5. In a vertical tube evaporator, the combination of two sets of tubes, one for the ascent of liquid and the other for the descent of the same; means for heating said tubes; a chamber communicating with both sets of tubes and receiving the ascending bodies of liquid; and slotted extensions within said chamber and carried by the tubes in which the liquid descends for eflectin an even feed and distribution of the liqui thereto and therein.

6. In a vertical tube evaporator, the combination of two sets of tubes, one for the ascent of liquid and the other for the descent of the same; means for heating said tubes; a chamber communicating with both setsof tubes and receiving the ascending bodiesof liquid; a tube sheet at the top of said tubes; and a supplemental plate carryin slotted extensions for the tubes in which t e liquid.

descends for effecting an even feed and dis tribution of the liquid thereto and therein.

7. In a vertical tube evaporator, the combination of two sets of tubular elements,

one for the ascent of liquid and the other for the descent of thesame; means for heat-. 5 ing the tubular elements; a chamber receivcarried b descends or effecting an even feed and dis" ing the ascending chamber communlcatin with the tubular bodies .of liquid, said elements in which said liquid descends;

s'aidtubular elements for giving the enter ing liquid 9. whirlin motion.

8. his vertical to e evaporator, the 0 m:

bination of two sets of tubes, one forthe ascent of liquid and the other for the de-- scent of the same; means for heating the tubes; a chamber receivin bodies of liquid, said cham r communicating with the tubes in which said li uid de scends; a tube sheet at the top of sai tubes; a supplemental plate means carried thevqby and registering with the tubes for efl'ectmg an even feed of said liquid to the tubes in which it descends and vanes or blades car-' ried by said means for giving the entering liquid a whirling motion.

9. In a vertical tube evaporator, the combination of two sets oftubes, one for the ascent of liquid and the other for the descent of the same; means for heating the tubes; a chamber communicating with both sets of tubes and receivin the ascending bodies of 1i uid; slotted tu ular extensions carried by t e tubes in which the li uid descends for effecting an even feed an distribution of the liquid thereto and therein; and closures for said extensions.

the ascending 10. In a vertical tube eva orator, the

combination of two sets of to one for the ascent of liquid and the other for the descent of the same; means for heating the tubes; a chamber communicating with both sets of tubes and receiving the ascending bodies of liquid; :1 tube sheet at the top of said tubes; a supplemental plate; slotted tubular extensions carried by said late and registering with the tubes in whic the liquid descends for eifecting an even feed and distribution of the liquid thereto and therein; and closures for said extensions.

11. In a vertical tube evaporator, the

combination of two sets of tub'es, one for the ascent of liquid and the other for the descent of, the same; means for heating the tubes; a chamber communicating with both sets of tubes and receivin the ascending bodies of liquid; slotted tu ular extensions the tubes in which the liquid tribution of the liquid therein; the lower I edges of the slots being on the same level;

closures for said extensions, "and vanes eat-'1 tending tangentiall from the tubular ex'- tensions adjacent ,t e slots 'and serving to,

give a whirling motion to the entering liq uid and vapor.

12. In a vertical tube eva gatoigaiie combination of two sets of tu cus ion the ascent of liquid and the other for the,

descent of the same; means for heatingbthe tubes; a chamber communicating with th sets of tubes and receiving the ascending bodies of liquid; a tube sheet at the to of said tubes; a supplemental plateslotte tnbular extensions carried by said late and registering with the tubes in whic the liquid descends for efi'ecting an even feed and distribution of the liquid thereto and therein; the lower edges of said slots being on the same level; closures for said extensions; and vanes extending tangentially from. the tubular extensionsadjacent the slots of the same and serving to give a whirling motion to the entering liquid and vapor.

13. In a vertical tube eva orator, the combination of a set of tubular elements for the descent of liquid undergoing concentration; means for heating the same; a chamber communicating with the tubular elements in which said liquid descends; the upper ends of said tubular elements extendinto said chamber and being slotted to e ect an even and simultaneous feed and distribution of liquid; and means for supplying liquid and vapor to said chamber.

14'. In a vertical tube evaporator, the coinbinationof a set of tubular elements for the descent of liquid undergoing concentration; means for heating the same; a chamber communicating with said tubular elements;- a tube sheet'at the top of said elements; a

supplemental tube late carrying slotted extensions for said tu ular elements; said slots serving to efl'ect an even and simultaneous feed and distribution of'liquid to said tubular elements; and means for supplying liquid and vapor to said chamber.

15. In avertical tube evaporator, the combination of two sets of tubular elements; one for the ascentof liquid and the other for the descent of the same; means for heating the tubular elements; a chamber communicating with both sets of tubular elements and receivin the ascending bodies of liquid and vapor, t e upper ends of said tubular elements extending into said chamber and the tubular elements in which the liquid descends being slotted for the purpose of efiectin and distrl ution of liquid thereto; and means for supplying liquid to the apparatus;

16. In a vertical tube evaporator, the combination of two sets of tubular elements, one for the ascent of liquid and the other for the descent of the same; means for heating the tubular elements; a chamber communicating with both sets of tubular elements and receiving the ascending bodies of liquid, the upper ends of said tubular elements extending into said chamber and the tubular elements in which the liquid and vapor. ile-' scends being slotted for the purpose of effooting an even and simultaneous feed and distribution of liquid thereto; closures for an even and simultaneous feed the upper ends of said descending tubular elements; and means for supplying liquid and vapor to the tubular elements for the ascent of liquid.

17. In a vertical tube evaporator, the combination of a set of tubular elements: for

the descent of liquid undergoing concentration; means for heating the same; a chamber communicating with the tubular elements in which said liquid descends; the upper ends of said tubular elementsextending into said chamber and being slotted for the purpose of effecting an even and simultaneous feed and distribution of liquid thereto; vanes extending substantially tangentially from the surface of the tubular elements adjacent the slots of the same and serving to 've a whirling motion to the entering liquid and vapor; and means for-supplying liquid and vapor to said chamber. 7

18. A vertical tube evaporator comprising two sets of substantially vertical evaporating tubes; means for heating such tubes; means for supplyin 1i aid to 'the base of one set of tubes; a c am r in communication with the tops of both sets of tubes; means within the said, chamber for efiecting an even and simultaneous feed of. liquid and of vapor emer ing from the tops of the first stated set of tu es to the second set of tubes; means for distributing said liquid in a film over the inner surface of the second stated set of evaporating tubes; means including a chamber for se 'arating said liquid and vapor discharged rom the bottom of the second set of evaporating tubes; and means for removing both liquid and vapor separately, from the said evaporating chamber.

19. A vertical tube evaporator comprising two sets of substantiallyvertical eva orating tubes; means for heating such tuiies; a chamber communicating with the tops of both sets of tubes and receiving partly concentrated liquid with its accompanying vapor from the ascending tubes and delivering such liquid and vapor to the descendin tubes; means within said chamber for e fecting an even and simultaneous feed of liquid and of vapor to the descending tubes, of the liquid and vapor esca ing from said chamber; means for distributlng such liquid in a film over the inner surface of the descending tubes and whirling the 'vapor or steam entering said tubes; means including a chamberfor se arating the liquid and vapor dischar (1 rom the descending tubes; and means or removing both liquid andvapor; separately, from said discharging liquid and vapor from said chamber; a de- In testimony whereof, I have signed my vice for heating said fluid conducting name to this specification, in the presence of means; and a chamber connected to receive two subscribing Witnesses. the liquid from the conducting means after PAUL KESTNER.

5 it has been concentrated; said conducting Witnesses:

means constituting the sole connection be- HENRI GHARRIER, tween said two chambers. LEON PEGKEL. 

